Object-oriented problem solving approach is very similar to the way a human solves daily problems. It consists of identifying objects and how to use these objects in the correct sequence to solve the problem. In other words, object-oriented problem solving can consist of designing objects whose behavior solves a specific problem. We can use following approaches
Abstraction
Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically in order to retain only information which is relevant for a particular purpose. For example, abstracting a leather soccer ball to a ball retains only the information on general ball attributes and behaviour. Similarly, abstracting happiness to an emotional state reduces the amount of information conveyed about the emotional state. Computer scientists use abstraction to understand and solve problems and communicate their solutions with the computer in some particular computer language.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a simple concept that you understand right now, as it is prevalent through life. You are a person, which person is a base type and you are a more specific representation of that type. There are many people that inherit that type, of which you are a concrete implementation of that type: you have your own beliefs, attributes, and qualities that go beyond just a general person. For instance, we all have a blood type, shoe size, arm length, and many other properties. But we each add our own implementation to the person interface.
You drive an automobile, which this type has properties like wheel size, engine size, gas tank size, and other properties. The automobile you drive is a concrete implementation of the automobile interface. It has additional features, like sliding doors, logo type, cd changer slot count, moon roof lever location, or other various properties that are specific to the make/model of the car. In addition, automobile may have certain behaviors like open/close door, open trunk, turn wheel, and other behaviors that would be specific to an automobile.
In OO programming, using the automobile example, Automobile would be the base class, and each automobile manufacturer would have its own implementation. For instance, Honda has V-Tec technology, which is in its own implementation. Volvo uses diesel engines, which is the TDI technology. More importantly, you may add an added level of detail between automobile and the make/model implementation, such as Car, Truck, or Suv supertypes, to provide more relevant information.
Encapsulation
Think of encapsulation as a black box; data is sent to a method, a lot of work goes on using the data, of which you don't know or care about. An output is returned to the caller. That is the process of encapsulation, or information hiding.
Abstraction
Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically in order to retain only information which is relevant for a particular purpose. For example, abstracting a leather soccer ball to a ball retains only the information on general ball attributes and behaviour. Similarly, abstracting happiness to an emotional state reduces the amount of information conveyed about the emotional state. Computer scientists use abstraction to understand and solve problems and communicate their solutions with the computer in some particular computer language.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a simple concept that you understand right now, as it is prevalent through life. You are a person, which person is a base type and you are a more specific representation of that type. There are many people that inherit that type, of which you are a concrete implementation of that type: you have your own beliefs, attributes, and qualities that go beyond just a general person. For instance, we all have a blood type, shoe size, arm length, and many other properties. But we each add our own implementation to the person interface.
You drive an automobile, which this type has properties like wheel size, engine size, gas tank size, and other properties. The automobile you drive is a concrete implementation of the automobile interface. It has additional features, like sliding doors, logo type, cd changer slot count, moon roof lever location, or other various properties that are specific to the make/model of the car. In addition, automobile may have certain behaviors like open/close door, open trunk, turn wheel, and other behaviors that would be specific to an automobile.
In OO programming, using the automobile example, Automobile would be the base class, and each automobile manufacturer would have its own implementation. For instance, Honda has V-Tec technology, which is in its own implementation. Volvo uses diesel engines, which is the TDI technology. More importantly, you may add an added level of detail between automobile and the make/model implementation, such as Car, Truck, or Suv supertypes, to provide more relevant information.
Encapsulation
Think of encapsulation as a black box; data is sent to a method, a lot of work goes on using the data, of which you don't know or care about. An output is returned to the caller. That is the process of encapsulation, or information hiding.
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